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Leadership Conference of Women Religious
The Leadership Conference of Women Religious (LCWR) is the association of the leaders of congregations of Catholic women religious in the United States. Founded in 1956, the conference includes over 1500 members, encompassing approximately 80 percent of the 57,000 women religious in the United States as of 2015. The conference describes its charter as assisting its members "collaboratively carry out their service of leadership to further the mission of the Gospel in today's world." The canonically-approved organization collaborates in the Catholic church and in society to "influence systemic change, studying significant trends and issues within the church and society, utilizing our corporate voice in solidarity with people who experience any form of violence or oppression, and creating and offering resource materials on religious leadership skills." The conference serves as a resource both to its members and to public seeking resources on leadership for religious life.〔
In April 2015 the Vatican closed a controversial, multi-year investigation initiated in 2012 by Archbishop Gerhard Ludwig Müller and the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith (CDF). J. Peter Sartain, archbishop of Seattle was appointed to work with the conference.〔(Bauman, Michelle. "Archbishop Sartain stresses dedication to addressing religious sisters' issues", Catholic News Agency, June 1, 2012 )〕 The investigation embittered many American Catholics "against what they perceive as heavy-handed tactics by Rome against U.S. sisters who provide critical health care, education and other services for the poor."〔(Gerhard Ludwig Mueller Tapped By Pope To Head Congregation for the Doctrine of The Faith ) The Huffington Post, 2 July 2015〕 While Pope Francis reaffirmed the canonical investigation and the organization's members were ordered to review their statutes and reassess their plans and programs,〔("US Catholic nuns criticised in Vatican report on LCWR", BBC News, April 15, 2013 )〕 the Vatican in its conclusion was effusive in its praise of the nuns' work. The joint final report of both the Vatican and the LCWR stated that the conference is "a public juridic person centered on Jesus Christ and faithful to the teachings of the Church", its publications "need a sound doctrinal foundation", and it "expects speakers and presenters to have due regard for the Church's faith."
==History==
In April 1956 the Holy See's Congregation of the Affairs of Religious requested that nuns in the U.S. form a national conference. In November of that year, the committee of nuns in the U.S. called a meeting in Chicago of general and provincial superiors of pontifical communities consider the formation of a national conference. They voted unanimously to establish the Conference of Major Superiors of Women (CMSW) to "promote the spiritual welfare" of the country's women religious, "insure increasing effectiveness of their apostolate," and "foster closer fraternal cooperation with all religious of the United States, the hierarchy, the clergy, and Catholic associations."〔
〕 Its Statutes were approved by the Sacred Congregation for Religious in 1962.〔 The name was changed in 1971 to the ''Leadership Conference of Women Religious''.〔 Its revised Statutes were approved by the Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life (CICLSAL) in 1989.〔 In 1992 the approved the establishment of the Council of Major Superiors of Women Religious (CMSWR), as an alternative superiors conference. The LCWR contains a "Vatican II reformed" membership while the CMSWR contains a "more traditional or conservative" membership; congregations led by LCWR members represent approximately 80% of women religious in the United States.
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